Letter to the editor

 

Description of surgical activity and mortality of oncological surgeries at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

 

César Huaroto-Landeo 1, Medical student
Kelly Kon-Liao 1, Medical student
Glenda M. Falcon Pacheco 2, Oncologist Physician
Ray Ticse 1,3, Endocrinologist Internist Physician; Master in Clinical Epidemiology

1 Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
2 Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas del Sur, Arequipa, Perú.
3 Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

 

To the editor. The Peruvian government declared a state of national emergency and mandatory social isolation on March 16, 2020, due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (1). This restricted the activities that qualified as elective in all health care entities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe the surgical activity and mortality of oncologic surgeries at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the years 2019-2020.

The INEN is a national referral center specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases, it is located in the eastern area of Lima in Peru. We described the number of scheduled and performed hospital oncologic surgeries by the Surgery Department of the INEN, between the months of March to December 2019 and compared them with the number of oncologic surgeries during the same period in 2020. We excluded patients who were treated in emergency areas, since including them would mean overestimating mortality rates. The Department of Surgery includes the surgical units of Abdomen, Head and Neck, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncological Orthopedics, Gynecology, Neurosurgery, Breast and Soft Tissue, Thorax and Urology.

Regarding hospital surgical activity, in 2019, the institution performed 5221 oncological surgeries, while in 2020 it performed 3268 surgeries, representing a decrease of 37% (Figure 1A) (2). The months of April and May 2020 stand out with four scheduled surgeries and 132 surgeries performed in total.

 

 

Figure 1. Quality indicators of the Surgery Department at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) during the months of March to December 2019 and 2020. A. Scheduled and performed hospital surgeries. B. Percentage of gross mortality. C. Percentage of net mortality D. Percentage of postoperative mortality at 30 days.

 

The lowest surgical productivity was observed at the beginning of the quarantine. We consider the following events to be involved: the beginning of confinement (1), the indefinite postponement of elective surgeries and the cancellation of outpatient consultations due to the reorganization of the Surgery Department to reduce the risk of contagion and detection of possible cases of COVID-19. Transportation restrictions also played a role, since INEN receives patients mostly from provinces far from Lima (3).

Data from 2020 show an increase in all mortality indicators (Figure 1B, 1C, 1D) (Supplementary Material) (2). There is higher gross mortality from April to December 2020, with May being the month of greatest difference with 16.4% in 2020 and 2.8% in 2019. Also, the maximum peak of 30-day postoperative mortality was observed in April 2020 with 9.8%.

The increase in mortality during 2020 can be explained by the decrease in surgical offer, the late access of oncology patients to health centers for fear of catching COVID-19 and by a system of teleconsultations with drawbacks. These changes in the health system delay timely diagnosis, lead to the presentation of pathologies in more advanced stages and increase emergency oncologic presentations (4). On the other hand, during the pandemic, the national program "Teleatiendo" (5) was promoted, which turned out to be insufficient, causing limitations in diagnosis and postoperative follow-up.

This analysis has limitations that should be acknowledged. First, we did not have access to some variables such as sex, age, place of origin, surgical risk, type and stage of cancer. Second, we did not have information on the specific postoperative cause of death. Third, it was not possible to inquire about the types of surgeries performed and their implication in the increase of mortality indicators during the year of the pandemic.

In conclusion, we found that surgical activity at the INEN was lower from March to December 2020 when compared to the equivalent period of the previous year. Similarly, all postoperative mortality indicators showed a substantial increase during the months of the health crisis. The delay of elective oncological surgeries brought cumulative consequences that led to deterioration of health, a worsening of quality of life and unnecessary deaths. It is advisable to implement a contingency plan for the surgical care of oncologic patients to ensure timely and quality care. In addition, it is essential to strengthen the telemedicine service in favor of comprehensive care for oncology patients.

Ethical criteria: This study did not require the approval of an institutional ethics committee. The data obtained are part of the hospital management indicators of the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, which are freely accessible on its official website (https://portal.inen.sld.pe/indicadores-de-gestion-hospitalaria/). Likewise, the manuscript has been registered in the PRISA platform of the National Institute of Health with the code EI00000002261.

Funding: Self-funded.

Supplementary material: Available in the electronic version of the RPMESP.

Author contributions: CHL and KKL contributed to the conception of the article, data collection, writing and final approval. MGFP and RWTA have contributed with the drafting of the article, technical advice and approval of the final version.

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in the publication of this article.

 

REFERENCES

1. Decreto Supremo que declara Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de la Nación a consecuencia del brote del COVID-19. Decreto supremo N° 044-2020-PCM [Internet]. Diario El Peruano. 16 de marzo 2020 [cited on October 1, 2021]. Available at: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-declara-estado-de-emergencia-nacional-po-decreto-supremo-n-044-2020-pcm-1864948-2/.

2. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas [Internet]. Lima: INEN; 2021 [cited on October, 1 2021]. Indicadores de Gestión Hospitalaria; Available at:https://portal.inen.sld.pe/indicadores-de-gestion-hospitalaria/.

3. Salazar Miriam R, Regalado-Rafael R, Navarro Jeannie M, Montanez Dayana M, Abugattas Julio E, Vidaurre Tatiana. El Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas en el control del cáncer en el Perú. Rev Perú Med Exp Salud Pública. 2013; 30(1): 105-112.

4. Lai A, Pasea L, Banerjee A, Hall G, Denaxas S, Chang W, et al. Estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer services and excess 1-year mortality in people with cancer and multimorbidity: near real-time data on cancer care, cancer deaths and a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e043828. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043828.

5. Ministerio de Salud. Plan Nacional de Telesalud del Perú 2020-2023, 2020 [Internet]. Lima: Dirección General de Telesalud, Referencia y Urgencias; 2020 [cited on October 1, 2021]. Available at: https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/1479230/Resoluci%C3%B3n%20Minis-terial%20N%C2%B01010-2020-MINSA.PDF.

 

Cite as: Huaroto-Landeo C, Kon-Liao K, Falcón Pacheco GM, Ticse R. Description of surgical activity and mortality of oncological surgeries at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2022;39(1):120-1. doi: https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.391.9772.

Correspondence: César Huaroto Landeo; cesar.huaroto@upch.pe

Received: 17/10/2021
Approved: 09/02/2022
Online: 22/03/2022