Factores asociados a la muerte por COVID-19 en pacientes admitidos en un hospital público en Tacna, Perú

Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta; Cesar Copaja-Corzo; Fabrizzio Bardales-Silva; Rodrigo Flores-Palacios; Luis Barreto-Rocchetti; Vicente A. Benites-Zapata

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2021.382.7158

Authors

Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Perú.Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión, Tacna, Perú.Médico cirujano, especialista en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-7787
Cesar Copaja-Corzo Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Perú.Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina, Tacna, Perú.estudiante de Medicina Humana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-0158
Fabrizzio Bardales-Silva Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión, Tacna, Perú.médico cirujano, especialista en Gastroenterología. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-4426
Rodrigo Flores-Palacios Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión, Tacna, Perú.médico cirujano, especialista en Medicina Intensiva https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-7915
Luis Barreto-Rocchetti Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión, Tacna, Perú.químico farmacéutico, especialista en Farmacia Clínica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-0219
Vicente A. Benites-Zapata Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Perú.médico cirujano, maestro en Investigación Epidemiológica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-1108

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2021.382.7158

Keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Risk Factors, Pandemics, Viral Pneumonia, Coronavirus Infections, Hospitalization, Mortality, Survival, Peru

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics of COVID-19 patients and to determine the factors associated with mortality during hospital stay. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult COVID-19 inpatients. The clinical, laboratory and treatment data were obtained from the medical records of patients from the Hospital Nivel III Daniel Alcides Carrión in Tacna. For the survival analysis we used the Cox proportional hazards model, and we calculated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We evaluated 351 patients; 74.1% of them were men. The most common comorbidities were obesity (31.6%), hypertension (27.1%) and diabetes mellitus (24.5%). The median time of hospitalization was 8 days (IQR: 4-15). From the total of patients, 32.9% died during follow-up. The multivariate analysis showed an increased risk of dying associated with the following: age ≥65 years, HR = 3.55 (95% CI: 1.70-7.40); increase in lactate dehydrogenase >720 U/L, HR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.34-3.22); and oxygen saturation less than 90%, mainly when it was less than 80%, HR = 4.07 (95% CI: 2.10-7.88). In addition, the use of colchicine during treatment showed a protective effect, HR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.23-0.91). Conclusions: Risk factors for mortality due to COVID-19 included being older than 65 years, having oxygen saturation less than 90%, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase >720 U/L; colchicine treatment could improve the prognosis of patients.