Percepciones de aceptabilidad y reticencia a las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en el Perú

Janeth Tenorio-Mucha; Jill Portocarrero; Patricia Busta-Flores; M. Amalia Pesantes; María Lazo-Porras

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11337

Authors

Janeth Tenorio-Mucha CONEVID, Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-5149
Jill Portocarrero CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-116X
Patricia Busta-Flores CONEVID, Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-3520
M. Amalia Pesantes CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, United States of America https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-3649
María Lazo-Porras CONEVID, Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-5476

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11337

Keywords:

COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines, Vaccination Refusal, Health Belief Model

Abstract

Objectives. To explore factors that influence the acceptance or reluctance to COVID-19 vaccination using qualitative methods. Materials and methods. Descriptive qualitative study conducted between April and June 2021. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore the perceptions of participants from different regions of Peru regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework and its dimensions are: susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Results. We interviewed 30 people, mostly were women. For the participants, the efficacy of vaccines is related to the country of origin of the vaccines; in addition, they consider that it is important to know the long-term effects on health after vaccination. The information received by governmental and health authorities can be a decisive factor for vaccination. People with the intention of not being vaccinated feel that vaccination promotion strategies violate their human rights. Conclusions. There is a group of people undecided or unsure about receiving COVID-19 vaccines who need to be encouraged according to their concerns and needs. Governmental and health authorities should work together to improve the confidence of the population and provide messages to clarify doubts about the efficacy and adverse reactions of vaccines.

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