Rinitis alérgica asociada al grado de compromiso pulmonar por COVID-19 en pacientes de un hospital general peruano

Bianca García-Gallo; Giancarlo Gonzales-Caldas; Diego Urrunaga-Pastor; Percy Herrera-Añazco

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2023.401.12491

Authors

Bianca García-Gallo Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-791X
Giancarlo Gonzales-Caldas Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-2855
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-162X
Percy Herrera-Añazco Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú. Red Peruana de Salud Colectiva, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6634

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.401.12491

Keywords:

Rhinitis, Allergic, Coronavirus Infections, Lung Injury, Patient Acuity

Abstract

Objectives. To evaluate the association between allergic rhinitis and the degree of pulmonary involvement in patients with COVID-19 and to determine the frequencies of the main variables. Materials and methods. An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital between 2020 and 2021. We obtained information regarding the history of allergic rhinitis; pulmonary involvement was assessed by non-contrast tomography results using the chest computed tomography (CT) score. Data regarding sociodemographic and clinical variables was also obtained. Both crude (PR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. We also used a generalized linear Poisson family model with log link function and robust variances. Results. We evaluated 434 patients, who were mostly male, older than 60 years and had no relevant
medical history. Of these, 56.2% had a history of allergic rhinitis and 43.1% had moderate to severe pulmonary
involvement. The adjusted regression model showed that the history of allergic rhinitis reduced the severity of COVID-19 according to the pulmonary involvement assessed by the CT score (aPR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.56-0.88; p=0.002). Conclusions. The history of allergic rhinitis resulted in a 30.0% decrease in COVID-19 severity according to the CT score in hospitalized patients.

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