Desarrollo y validación de una escala de percepción de riesgo de COVID-19 en Perú

Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman; Eduardo Franco-Chalco; Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan; Ruth Iguiñiz-Romero; Isabel Amemiya-Hoshi

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2023.402.12289

Authors

Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública - ENSAP, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-5793
Eduardo Franco-Chalco Universidad María Auxiliadora, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-2365
Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan Universidad María Auxiliadora, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9413
Ruth Iguiñiz-Romero Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública - ENSAP, Lima, Perú. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-4981
Isabel Amemiya-Hoshi Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública - ENSAP, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-4785

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.402.12289

Keywords:

Coronavirus Infections, Perception, Psychometrics, Perú

Abstract

Objectives. To develop and validate a risk perception scale for COVID-19 (PR-COVID-19-PE) in the Peruvian population. Materials and methods. Psychometric cross-sectional study conducted in 2022. In phase 1, in order to design the scale, we carried out a theoretical review and a documentary review of scales, we also used focus groups as well as an expert panel. Phase 2 included expert judgment and a pilot test. A virtual survey was conducted among 678 Peruvian adults during phase 3. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out as well. We used a correlational analysis (Pearson’s r) with a valid risk perception scale and the COVID-19 fear scale to determine criterion validity. Results. The PR-COVID-19-PE has two dimensions (cognitive and emotional) and showed good fit during construct validity (x2/gl=2.34, Comparative Fit Index=0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.05 and Standardized Root Mean-Square=0.07) and optimal internal consistency (ώ=0.88). Likewise, the PR-COVID-19-PE showed correlation with another COVID-19 risk perception scale (r=0.70, p< 0.001) and a fear of COVID-19 scale (r=0.41, p<0.001). In addition, it presents metric and scalar invariance by both sex and educational level. Conclusions. The PR-COVID-19-PE scale showed adequate reliability and content, construct and criterion validity. It is an instrument that can measure COVID-19 risk perception in similar populations. However, further studies are required for different populations.

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