Revisión exploratoria sobre la evidencia de cultivos andinos con efecto hipoglucemiante y de sus componentes bioactivos

Diego Díaz Núñez; Boris Rivera-Torres

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2023.404.12672

Authors

Diego Díaz Núñez Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Huancayo, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-7153
Boris Rivera-Torres Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Huancayo, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-6721

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.404.12672

Keywords:

Hypoglycemic Agents, Nutritional Sciences, Andean Ecosystem, Review, Food

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects several people around the world. Some domesticated crops in South America have been reported to be a promising source of bioactive compounds with possible hypoglycemic effects. In this review we aimed to explore and synthesize the existing evidence in the scientific
literature on the hypoglycemic effect of Andean crops and their bioactive components. We included different
types of primary studies from three databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science) during June 2023, without restrictions, by means of controlled and uncontrolled language, according to the PICO strategy. We found 30 studies conducted between 2005 and 2022 that reported a hypoglycemic effect, through enzymatic inhibition in in vitro studies and significant glucose reduction in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This effect was attributed to different bioactive components that were identified with independent mechanisms related to glucose reduction and enzymatic inhibition. The most commonly used cultures were Smallanthus sonchifolius (9/30), Lupinus mutabilis (5/30) and Solanum tuberosum (4/30). The hypoglycemic effect was assigned to bioactive components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acid subclasses, fructans, alkaloids, hydrolysates, anthocyanins and dietary fiber. Despite encouraging results from different types of studies, further research on their mechanisms of action, their
efficacy compared to conventional treatments and their long-term safety is required for these to be considered
safe and effective treatments.

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