Revisión exploratoria sobre la evidencia de cultivos andinos con efecto hipoglucemiante y de sus componentes bioactivos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.404.12672Palabras clave:
Alimentos, Hipoglucemiantes, Ciencias de la Nutrición, Ecosistema Andino, RevisiónResumen
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a varias personas en todo el mundo. Algunos cultivos
domesticados y compartidos en el continente sudamericano se han reportado como una fuente
prometedora de componentes bioactivos con posibles efectos hipoglucemiantes. En esta revisión se tuvo como objetivo explorar y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la literatura científica sobre el efecto hipoglucemiante de los cultivos andinos y sus componentes bioactivos. Se incluyó distintos tipos de estudios primarios de tres bases de datos (Scopus, Pubmed y Web of Science) durante junio de 2023, sin restricciones, por medio del lenguaje controlado y no controlado, según la estrategia PICO. Se encontró 30 estudios realizados entre 2005 y 2022 que demostraron tener efecto hipoglucemiante, mediante la inhibición enzimática en estudios in vitro y reducción significativa de la glucosa en estudios preclínicos y ensayos clínicos. Dicho efecto fue atribuido a diferentes componentes bioactivos que se identificaron con mecanismos independientes sobre la reducción de la glucosa e inhibición enzimática. Los cultivos más utilizados fueron Smallanthus sonchifolius (9/30), Lupinus mutabilis (5/30) y Solanum tuberosum
(4/30). De los cuales se asignó el efecto hipoglucémico a los componentes bioactivos, como polifenoles,
flavonoides, subclases de ácidos fenólicos, fructanos, alcaloides, hidrolizados, antocianinas y fibra dietética.
A pesar de los resultados alentadores en distintos tipos de estudio, para que estos sean considerados como tratamientos seguros y efectivos, se requiere investigaciones adicionales que profundicen en los
mecanismos de acción, comparen su eficacia con los tratamientos convencionales y evalúen su seguridad
a largo plazo.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Diego Díaz Núñez, Boris Rivera-Torres
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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