Transfusión de plasma convaleciente de pacientes con COVID-19

César A. Galván; Crhistian Toribio-Dionicio; Marco Álvarez-Ángeles; Oscar Alama-Bazán; Luis Sánchez-Ramírez

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2020.374.5767

Authors

César A. Galván Unidad Funcional de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (UFAAI) del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN), Lima, Perú. Sociedad Peruana de Inmunología (SPI), Lima, Perú. Médico cirujano; especialista en Inmunología y Alergología https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3517-3051
Crhistian Toribio-Dionicio Sociedad Peruana de Inmunología (SPI), Lima, Perú. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú. Médico cirujano https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-5549
Marco Álvarez-Ángeles Sociedad Peruana de Inmunología (SPI), Lima, Perú. Instituto de Hemaféresis y Terapia Celular (IHEMATEC), Lima, Perú. tecnólogo médico, magíster en Ciencias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-4826
Oscar Alama-Bazán Servicio de Bioquímica e Inmunoquímica del Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren (HNASS), Lima, Perú. Asociación Médica Peruana de Patología Clínica (AMPPC), Lima, Perú. Médico cirujano especialista en Patología Clínica. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-307X
Luis Sánchez-Ramírez Asociación Médica Peruana de Patología Clínica (AMPPC), Lima, Perú. Banco de Sangre del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú. Médico cirujano especialista en Patología Clínica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-7948

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.374.5767

Keywords:

COVID-19, Plasma, MERS Virus, SARS Virus

Abstract

There is currently no vaccine available and no specific medication against Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). The treatment is mainly based on support measures. In this context, several potentially useful therapies have been approved for use in clinical trials, such as convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT). PubMed was searched for studies on convalescent plasma and COVID-19, SARS or MERS. Studies on clinical efficacy in diseases caused by other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) showed clinical improvement, increase of neutralizing antibodies, decreased mortality and absence of adverse events during and after treatment. We found 13 studies on this type of treatment used in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Despite limitations regarding methodology, number of patients and the protocols for the analysis of donors’ convalescent plasma, patients who received CPT showed clinical improvement, improvement of ventilatory patterns, resolution of lung injuries, decreased mortality, improvement of laboratory parameters, increase of neutralizing antibodies, decreased viral load and low frequency of adverse events.