Factores asociados a la desnutrición crónica infantil durante los primeros 12 meses en niños de una cohorte de Perú

Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama; Elena Gonzales-Achuy; Gilmer Solis-Sánchez; Cinthia Quispe-Gala; William Bautista-Olortegui; Gabriela Santos-Antonio; Paúl Hinojosa; Juan Pablo Aparco

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13662

Authors

Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. Programa Académico de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-9111
Elena Gonzales-Achuy Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-5629
Gilmer Solis-Sánchez Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-088X
Cinthia Quispe-Gala Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-8283
William Bautista-Olortegui Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-8952
Gabriela Santos-Antonio Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-0676
Paúl Hinojosa Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-4586
Juan Pablo Aparco Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-7997

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13662

Keywords:

Undernutrition, Stunting, Infant, Cohort, Maternal Height, Low and Middle Income Countries

Abstract

Objective. To determine the factors associated with chronic child malnutrition (CCM) in two Peruvian regions: Huancavelica and Loreto. Materials and methods. We analyzed four repeated cross-sectional
evaluations nested in a prospective cohort of children treated in primary healthcare facilities. Data was
collected on the characteristics of the child, the mother and the household, including anthropometric information, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and socioeconomic conditions. A generalized linear model was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PR) for each of the four quarterly evaluations of the cohort (3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months). Results. Factors such as male sex, bottle feeding and the use of polluting fuels were associated with a higher risk of CCM, on the other hand, having six or more prenatal check-ups and being a beneficiary of the JUNTOS program acted as protective factors. Mothers who did not speak Spanish as their native language, who worked or studied, or who had limited participation in family decisions, were also at higher risk of CCM. In addition, we identified unexpected associations, such as food insecurity acting as a protective factor, reflecting possible biases or confounding effects. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing inequalities in prenatal care, dietary practices, and mothers’ participation in household decision-making to prevent CCM in vulnerable contexts.

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