Factores asociados a la desnutrición crónica infantil durante los primeros 12 meses en niños de una cohorte de Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13662Palabras clave:
Desnutrición Infantil, Talla Baja, Infantes, Cohorte, Talla Materna, Países de Bajo y Medianos IngresosResumen
Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados a la desnutrición crónica infantil (DCI) en dos regiones peruanas: Huancavelica y Loreto. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis a cuatro evaluaciones transversales repetidas anidadas en una cohorte prospectiva de niños atendidos en establecimientos de salud de primer nivel de atención. Se recopilaron datos sobre características del niño, la madre y el hogar, incluyendo información antropométrica, lactancia, alimentación complementaria, y condiciones socioeconómicas. A través de un modelo lineal generalizado se calculó las razones de prevalencias (RP) por cada una de las cuatro evaluaciones trimestrales de la cohorte (3°, 6°, 9° y 12° meses). Resultados. Factores como sexo masculino, uso de biberón y empleo de combustibles contaminantes se asociaron con mayor riesgo de DCI, mientras que recibir seis o más controles prenatales y ser beneficiario del programa JUNTOS actuaron como factores protectores. Las madres con lengua materna distinta al castellano, que trabajaban o estudiaban, o con limitada participación en las decisiones familiares, también presentaron mayor riesgo de DCI. Además, se identificaron asociaciones inesperadas, como la inseguridad alimentaria actuando como factor protector, reflejando posibles sesgos o efectos confusores. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar las desigualdades en la atención prenatal, prácticas alimentarias y participación de las madres en la toma de decisiones del hogar para prevenir la DCI en contextos vulnerables.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama, Elena Gonzales-Achuy, Gilmer Solis-Sánchez, Cinthia Quispe-Gala, William Bautista-Olortegui, Gabriela Santos-Antonio, Paúl Hinojosa, Juan Pablo Aparco

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.