Características clínicas y microbiológicas de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados porneumonía neumocócica antes y después de la introducción de las vacunas conjugadas neumocócicas

Carolina Gomez Vasquez; Brayan Gonzales; Roger Hernández; Francisco Campos; Eduardo Chaparro; Olguita Del Águila; Maria Castillo; Andrés Saenz; Isabel Reyes; Theresa Ochoa

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13847

Authors

Carolina A. Gomez Facultad de Medicina Humana «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4868-9841
Brayan E. Gonzales Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Alexander von Humboldt», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-6736
Roger A. Hernández Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Alexander von Humboldt», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-9599
Francisco Campos Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-0606
Eduardo Chaparro Facultad de Medicina Humana «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9158-5562
Olguita Del Águila Servicio de Pediatría de Especialidades Clínicas, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-0148
María E. Castillo Facultad de Medicina Humana «Alberto Hurtado», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Oficina de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-6235
Andrés Saenz Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6696-0116
Isabel Reyes Servicio de Hospitalización, Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1433-1859
Theresa J. Ochoa Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Alexander von Humboldt», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-3906

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13847

Keywords:

Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Empyema, Children, Lima

Abstract

The clinical and microbiological characteristics of pneumococcal pneumonia in children hospitalized in Lima were analyzed, before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We reviewed cases that occurred
between 2006-2019, in the pre-PCV7 (2006-2008), post-PCV7 (2009-2011) and post-PCV13 (2016-2019) periods. Of 128 patients with positive cultures (92 blood and 36 pleural fluid), most were infants in the pre-PCV7 (77.1%) and post-
PCV7 (43.3%) studies, while in the post-PCV13 study they were mostly preschoolers (62%). We found an increase in complicated pneumonia cases from 14.6% to 72% and an increase in serotype 19A (6.3% to 68%). The most frequent sequence type was ST320 (31 isolates). Resistance to penicillin and ceftriaxone was low (6% and 2%, respectively), although higher in empyema (21.4% and 14.3%, respectively). Resistance to azithromycin increased from 27% to 92%. Penicillin remains the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia in Lima.

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Author Biography

Roger A. Hernández , Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Alexander von Humboldt», Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

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