The null hypothesis significance test and the dicotomization of the p-value: Errare humanum est

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2024.414.14285

Keywords:

Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis-Testing, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, statistics & numerical data

Abstract

Decision-making in healthcare is complex and needs to be based on the best scientific evidence. In this process, information derived from statistical analysis of data is crucial, which can be developed from either frequentist or Bayesian perspectives. When it comes to the frequentist field, the null hypothesis significance test (NHST) and its p-value is one of the most widely used techniques in different disciplines. However, NHST has been subjected to questioning from different academic points of view, which has led to it being considered as one of the causes of the so-called replicability crisis in science. In this review article, we provide a brief historical account of its  development, summarize the underlying methods, describe some controversies and limitations, address misuse and misinterpretation, and finally give some scopes and reflections in the context of biomedical research.

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Published

2024-11-26

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How to Cite

1.
Mezones-Holguín E, Al-kassab-Córdova A, Soto-Becerra P, Hernández-Díaz S, Kaufman JS. The null hypothesis significance test and the dicotomization of the p-value: Errare humanum est. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 26 [cited 2024 Dec. 13];41(4):422-30. Available from: https://rpmesp.ins.gob.pe/index.php/rpmesp/article/view/14285

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