Adaptación cultural al Quechua y análisis psicométrico del Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 en población peruana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12571Palabras clave:
Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente, Depresión, Pueblos Indígenas, PsicometríaResumen
Objetivo. Traducir y adaptar culturalmente el Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) a tres variedades del quechua y analizar su validez, confiabilidad e invarianza. Materiales y métodos. 1) Fase de adaptación cultural: el PHQ-9 fue traducido del inglés a tres variantes del quechua (Central, Chanca, Cuzco-Collao) y traducido nuevamente al inglés, posteriormente expertos y grupos focales permitieron adaptar culturalmente las traducciones. 2) Fase psicométrica: se evaluó la uni-dimensionalidad del PHQ-9 adaptado mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA), la confiabilidad se evaluó mediante consistencia interna (Alpha y Omega), y la invarianza de medida según variedades del quechua y variables sociodemográficas se evaluó empleando CFA multigrupos y modelos MIMIC (Múltiples Indicadores y Múltiples Causas). Resultados. Cada una de las adaptaciones del PHQ-9 a las tres
variedades de quechua reportaron ítems claros y culturalmente equivalentes. Posteriormente, con 970 datos de quechuahablantes adultos varones y mujeres, el modelo general unidimensional reportó un ajuste adecuado (índice de ajuste comparativo: 0,990, índice de Tucker-Lewis: 0,987, residuo estandarizado cuadrático medio: 0,048, raíz del error cuadrático medio de aproximación: 0,071), lo mismo ocurrió para cada variedad del quechua. La confiabilidad fue alta para todas las variedades (α = 0,865 – 0,915; ω = 0,833 – 0,881). Los resultados del CFA multigrupos y modelos MIMIC confirmaron invarianza de medida según variante del quechua, sexo, residencia, edad, estado civil y nivel educativo. Conclusiones. Las adaptaciones del PHQ-9 a Quechua Central, Chanca y Cuzco-Collao ofrecen una medición válida, confiable e invariante, confirmando que se pueden hacer comparaciones
en los grupos evaluados. Su uso beneficiará a la investigación y a la atención en salud mental de poblaciones quechuahablantes.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Julio Cjuno, Félix Julca-Guerrero, Yulisa Oruro-Zuloaga, Frinee Cruz-Mendoza, Admirson Auccatoma-Quispe, Heber Gómez Hurtado, Frank Peralta-Alvarez, Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
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